3. 共享資源 Goodies
3.1 Free Reference Guides for Video Production
3.1.2 Multimedia Info Sources 多媒體資訊
File Format 檔案格式
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Format
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Definition
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Source
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AIFF
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Short
for A udio I nterchange F ile F ormat, a common format for storing and
transmitting sampled sound.The format was developed by Apple Computer
and is the standard audio format for Macintosh computers.It is also
used by Silicon Graphics Incorporated (SGI). AIFF supports a variety of
bit resolutions, samples ratea and channels of audio.
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Webopedia
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ASF
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Advanced
Systems Format (formerly Advanced Streaming Format ) is Microsoft 's
proprietary digital audio / digital video container format , especially
meant for streaming media . ASF is part of the Windows Media framework.
The format does not specify how (i.e. with which codec ) the video or
audio should be encoded; it just specifies the structure of the
video/audio stream. This is similar to the function performed by the
QuickTime , AVI , or Ogg container formats. One of the objectives of
ASF was to support playback from digital media servers , HTTP servers ,
and local storage devices .
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Wikipedia
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AVI
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Audio
Video Interleave , known by its acronym AVI , is a multimedia container
format introduced by Microsoft in November 1992 as part of its Video
for Windows technology
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Wikipedia
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Bitmap
(BMP) |
A
representation, consisting of rows and columns of dots, of a graphic
image in computer memory. The value of each dot (whether it is filled
in or not) is stored in one or more bits of data. For simple
monochromes images, one bit is sufficient to represent each dot, but
for colors and shades of gray, each dot requires more than one bit of
data. The more bits used to represent a dot, the more colors and shades
of gray that can be represented.
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Webopedia
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Digital audio
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Refers
to the reproduction and transmission of sound stored in a digital
format. This includes CDs as well as any sound files stored on a
computer. In contrast, the telephone system (but not ISDN ) is based on
an analog representation of sound. In sound recording and reproduction
systems, digital audio refers to a digital representation of the audio
waveform for processing, storage or transmission. When analog sound
waves are stored in digital form, each digital audio file can be
decomposed into a series of samples.
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Webopedia
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Digital Video
(DAT) |
Refers
to the capturing, manipulation and storage of video in digital formats.
A digital video (DV) camcorder, for example, is a video camera that
captures and stores images on a digital medium such as a DAT.
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DVD-mp3
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A DVD that is created with and contains only digital audio files in the MP3 format. Not all DVD players can play DVD-MP3 discs
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Wikipedia
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EPS
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Encapsulated
PostScript , or EPS , is a DSC -conforming PostScript document with
additional restrictions intended to make EPS files usable as a graphics
file format . In other words, EPS files are more-or-less
self-contained, reasonably predictable PostScript documents that
describe an image or drawing, that can be placed within another
PostScript document.
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Wikipedia
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FLV
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FLV
( Flash Video ) is a proprietary file format used to deliver video over
the Internet using Adobe Flash Player (formerly known as Macromedia
Flash Player) version 6, 7, 8, or 9. FLV content may also be embedded
within SWF files. Notable users of the FLV format include YouTube ,
Google Video , Reuters.com and MySpace. Flash Video is viewable on most
operating systems, via the widely available Adobe Flash Player and web
browser plugin , or one of several third-party programs such as Media
Player Classic (with the ffdshow codecs installed), MPlayer , or VLC
media player .
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Wikipedia
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Fonts
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A
design for a set of characters. A font is the combination of typeface
and other qualities, such as size, pitch, and spacing. For example,
Times Roman is a typeface that defines the shape of each character.
Within Times Roman, however, there are many fonts to choose from --
different sizes, italic, bold, and so on. (The term font is often used
incorrectly as a synonym for typeface .) .
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Webopedia
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GIF
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Graphic
Interchange Format. An 8-bit bitmapped Web graphics file format using
indexed colour, which can permit one arbitrary colour to be defined as
transparent. A file format commonly used for images on the Web. GIFs
are especially suitable for images composed of relatively few colors,
such as logos or vector graphics.
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Graphic, Bitmap
(tif,bmp,pcx) |
Images
are laid out in pixels , much like dots of paint on a canvas. As such,
bitmap objects are not independent entities, which can be singled out
for manipulation, but patterned series of dots. To enlarge (or reduce)
bitmap images, the number of pixels is increased (decreased), often
giving the resulting image a jagged appearance. (See anti-aliasing .)
Scanners produce bitmap images (.TIF), as does Windows' PaintBrush
(.BMP, .PCX): Bitmaps are one of the most commonly compatible types of
image formats.
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Graphic, Vector
(CAD DXF, CBM, EPS, HGL, PIC, DRW, WMF, WPG.) |
Graphics
consisting of objects, each of which can be separately manipulated -
e.g. sized, moved, (un)grouped, positioned to the back/front. The
graphic components are calculated, hence can be sized without
distortion. File formats include: AutoCAD DXF, CBM, EPS, HGL, PIC, DRW,
WMF, WPG.
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HTML
(HML) |
Short
for H yper T ext M arkup L anguage, the authoring language used to
create documents on the World Wide Web . HTML is similar to SGML ,
although it is not a strict subset. HTML defines the structure and
layout of a Web document by using a variety of tags and attributes .
The correct structure for an HTML document starts with (enter here what
document is about) and ends with . All the information you'd like to
include in your Web page fits in between the and tags.
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Webopedia
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JPEG
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Short
for J oint P hotographic E xperts Group , the original name of the
committee that wrote the standard. JPG is one of the image file formats
supported on the Web.
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Webopedia
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MIDI
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MIDI
( Musical Instrument Digital Interface ) is an industry-standard
electronic communications protocol that enables electronic musical
instruments , computers and other equipment to communicate, control and
synchronize with each other in real time.
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Wikipedia
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MOV
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Knowing the type of audio to be sampled and the intended purpose
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Wikipedia
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MP1
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MPEG Audio Stream, Layer I file format
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MP2
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MPEG Audio Stream, Layer II file format
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MP3
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MPEG
-1 Audio Layer 3 , more commonly referred to as MP3 , is a popular
digital audio encoding, lossy compression format , and algorithm ,
designed to greatly reduce the amount of data required to represent
audio, yet still sound like a faithful reproduction of the original
uncompressed audio to most listeners. It was invented by a team of
German engineers of the Fraunhofer Society , who worked in the
framework of the EUREKA 147 DAB digital radio research program, and it
became an ISO / IEC standard in 1991 .
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Wikipedia
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MPEG
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A
series of International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
standards for digital video and audio, designed for different uses and
data rates.
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Webopedia
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OGG Vorbis
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Ogg
Vorbis is an audio compression format, comparable to other formats used
to store and play digital music, but differs in that it is free, open
and unpatented. The Ogg Vorbis specification is in the public domain
and if freely available for commercial or noncommercial use. In Ogg
Vorbis, Ogg refers to the Ogg Project which is an Open Source
multimedia initiative, while Vorbis is the actual compression format
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Wikipedia
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OpenType
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OpenType
is a scalable computer font format initially developed by Microsoft ,
later joined by Adobe Systems . OpenType was first announced in 1996,
with a significant number of OpenType fonts starting to ship in
2000–2001. Adobe completed conversion of its entire font library to
OpenType around the end of 2002. As of early 2005 , there were around
10,000 fonts available in OpenType format, with Adobe's library making
up under a third of the total. As of 2006, every major font foundry and
many minor ones were developing fonts in OpenType format.
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Webopedia
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PICT
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PICT
is a file format that was developed by Apple Computer in 1984 as the
native format for Macintosh graphics. PICT files are encoded in
QuickDraw commands. The PICT format is a meta-format that can be used
for both bitmap images and vector images.
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PNG
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PNG
( Portable Network Graphics ) is a bitmap image format that employs
lossless data compression . PNG was created to improve and replace the
GIF format, as an image-file format not requiring a patent license. PNG
is pronounced " ping " ( /p??/ in IPA ), but can be spoken "P-N-G" to
avoid confusion with network tool ping . PNG is supported by the libpng
reference library (platform-independent), with C functions for handling
PNG images.
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Wikipedia
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PostScript
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Type
1 outline fonts (also known as Postscript, Postscript Type 1, PS1, T1
or Adobe PostcScript Type 3 or PS3, T3 or Adobe Type 3) were developed
by Adobe for professional digital typesetting.
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Quicktime
(mov) |
A
video and animation system developed by Apple Computer. QuickTime is
built into the Macintosh operating system and is used by most Mac
applications that include video or animation. PCs can also run files in
QuickTime format, but they require a special QuickTime driver
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Real Audio
(RA) |
RealAudio
is a proprietary audio format developed by RealNetworks . It uses a
variety of audio codecs , ranging from low-bitrate formats that can be
used over dialup modems, to high-fidelity formats for music. It can
also be used as a streaming audio format, that is played at the same
time as it is downloaded. Many internet radio stations use RealAudio to
stream their programming over the internet in real time. The first
version of RealAudio was released in 1995 . As of 2006 , the current
version is RealAudio 10.
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Webopedia
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RIFF
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RIFF
is a file structure for multimedia resource files, it is not a file
format but rather the structure that defines the class of more specific
file formats, such as WAV and AVI. The RIFF format specifications were
first developed by IBM and Microsoft, and published by in 1991 in
"Microsoft Windows Multimedia Programmer's Reference". Since 1990 no
new multimedia file formats have used the RIFF file structure
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Wikipedia
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SVG
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Scalable
Vector Graphics ( SVG ) is an XML markup language for describing
two-dimensional vector graphics , both static and animated , and either
declarative or scripted. Images can contain hyperlinks using outbound
simple XLinks [2] . It is an open standard created by the World Wide
Web Consortium
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SWF
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SWF
is a proprietary vector graphics file format produced by the Flash
software from Adobe (formerly Macromedia ). Intended to be small enough
for publication on the web, SWF files can contain animations or applets
of varying degrees of interactivity and function. SWF is also sometimes
used for creating animated display graphics and menus for DVD movies,
and television commercials. The Flash program produces SWF files as a
compressed and uneditable final product, whereas it uses the .fla
format for its editable working files.
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Webopedia
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TGA
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Truevision's
(now Pinnacle Systems ) TGA File Format , often referred to as TARGA
File Format , is a raster graphics file format . It was the native
format of Truevision Inc. 's TARGA and VISTA boards, which were the
first graphic cards for IBM-compatible PCs to support Highcolor /
truecolor display. This family of graphic cards were intended for
professional computer image synthesis and video editing with PCs; for
this reason, usual resolutions of TGA image files matches those of the
NTSC and PAL video formats.
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Web
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TIFF
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Tagged
Image File Format (abbreviated TIFF ) is a file format for mainly
storing images , including photographs and line art . Originally
created by the company Aldus , jointly with Microsoft , for use with
PostScript printing, TIFF is a popular format for high color depth
images, along with JPEG and PNG .
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Digital
Photography Review
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TrueType
(ttf) |
TrueType
is an outline font standard originally developed by Apple Computer in
the late 1980s as a competitor to Adobe 's Type 1 fonts used in
PostScript . The primary strength of TrueType was originally that it
offered font developers a high degree of control over precisely how
their fonts are displayed, right down to particular pixels, at various
font heights.
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WAV
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The
format for storing sound in files developed jointly by Microsoft and
IBM. Support for WAV files was built into Windows 95 making it the de
facto standard for sound on PCs. WAV sound files end with a.wav
extension and can be played by nearly all Windows applications that
support sound.
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Web Solution
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WMA
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Windows
Media Audio ( WMA ) is a proprietary compressed audio file format
developed by Microsoft . It was initially intended to be a competitor
to the popular MP3 format, but has not yet received such popularity.
However, with the introduction of WMA Pro and Apple 's iTunes Music
Store , WMA has positioned itself as a competitor to the Advanced Audio
Coding format used by Apple and is part of Microsoft's Windows Media
framework. A large number of consumer devices, ranging from portable
hand-held music players and handphones to set-top DVD players , support
the playback of WMA files.
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Web Solution
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