3. 共享資源 Goodies
3.1 Free Reference Guides for Video Production
3.1.5 Glossary
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Terms
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Definition
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Source
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3D Audio
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A
technique for giving more depth to traditional stereo sound. Typically,
3-D sound, or 3-D audio, is produced by placing a device in a room with
stereo speakers. The device dynamically analyzes the sound coming from
the speakers and sends feedback to the sound system so that it can
readjust the sound to give the impression that the speakers are further
apart.
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3D Software
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The
category of software that represents 3-dimensional objects on a
computer. This includes CAD/CAM, computer games, and animation packages.
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Wikipedia
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AAC
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Short
for Advanced Audio Coding, one of the audio compression formats defined
by the MPEG-2 standard. AAC is sometimes referred to as MPEG-2 NBC (not
backwards compatible) because it is not compatible with the MPEG-1
coding scheme.
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ADC
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Analog
to Digital Converter. A device that converts an analog signal, such as
a voice signal, to digital data for transport across digital circuits.
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Wikipedia
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ADPCM
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Adaptive
Differential Pulse Code Modulation ADCPM is a form of PCM that produces
the digital signal at a lower bit rate than does standard PCM. ADPCM
records only the difference between samples rather than sampling the
entire waveform. ADPCM can reduce the resultant signal's digital
bandwidth by half that of PCM.
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Webopedia
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Aliasing
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In
computer graphics, the process by which smooth curves and other lines
become jagged because the resolution of the graphics device or file is
not high enough to represent a smooth curve. Smoothing and anti
aliasing techniques can reduce the effect of aliasing.
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Alpha Channel
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In
graphic, a portion of each pixel’s data that is reserved for
transparency information. 32-bit graphics systems contain four channels
-- three 8-bit channels for red, green, and blue (RGB) and one 8-bit
alpha channel.
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Wikipedia
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Amplifier
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An electronic device or electrical circuit that is used to boost (amplify) the power, voltage or current of an applied signal
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Wikipedia
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Analog
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An
analog or analogue signal is any variable signal continuous in both
time and amplitude. It differs from a digital signal in that small
fluctuations in the signal are meaningful. Waveforms, with valleys and
ridges, referring to the natural form of sound/audio. To store/playback
on a computer, analog data is converted to digital data. An adjectives
applied to data which can have arbitrary real values and can therefore
represent continously varying signals and phenomena such as brightness.
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Wikipedia
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Animatics
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Often,
an animatic or story reel is made after the soundtrack is created, but
before full animation begins. An animatic typically consists of
pictures of the storyboard synchronized with the soundtrack
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Wikipedia
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Animation
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A
simulation of movement created by displaying a series of pictures, or
frames. Cartoons on television is one example of animation. Animation
on computers is one of the chief ingredients of multimedia
presentations. There are many software applications that enable you to
create animations that you can display on a computer monitor.
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Webopedia
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Animation Compressor
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A
lossless QuickTime codec. The Animation Compressor employs a
compression algorithm developed by Apple. This technique is best suited
to animation and computer-generated video content. The Animation
Compressor can be used to compress sequences of screen images
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Web Solution
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Anti aliasing
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Process
used to remove jagged edges in computerized graphics. The blurring of
hard edges to create the appearance of smoothness. Most commonly used
with respect to graphics, especially text.
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Web Solution
solution
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Audio Frequency
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Abbreviated
as AF, audio frequency represent the range of signals that are audible
to the human ear. The range of audio frequencies is usually considered
to be in the region between 20 and 20,000 hertz
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Multimedia Glossary
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Audio Sampling rate
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The
audio sampling rate is number of samples per second that are used to
digitize a particular sound. Most digital video (DV) cameras can record
at several audio sampling rates, where higher rates produce better
results
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Webopedia
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Audio Scrubbing
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The
process of moving within an audio file or tape to locate a particular
section. The term originally comes from the days of reel-to-reel
players, when rocking a reel would give the impression of scrubbing
tape across the head. Many audio scrub tools today allow the user to
drag a cursor across the wave form to audition different sections of an
audio file.
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Bit
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A bit is a "binary digit," that is, a single value that makes up a binary number. A bit can be either 1 or 0.
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Wikipedia
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Bitmap
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A
representation, consisting of rows and columns of dots, of a graphic
image in computer memory. The value of each dot (whether it is filled
in or not) is stored in one or more bits of data. For simple
monochromes images, one bit is sufficient to represent each dot, but
for colors and shades of gray, each dot requires more than one bit of
data. The more bits used to represent a dot, the more colors and shades
of gray that can be represented.
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Webopedia
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CAM
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Short
for channel access method, a protocol for how data is transmitted in
the bottom two layers of the OSI model. CAMs describe how networking
systems put data on the network media, how low-level errors are dealt
with, and how the network polices itself. Polling, contention and token
passing are three examples of CAMs
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Camcorder
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generally a small portable device that can record live video and usually audio as well.
Camcorders support playback of the captured video through consumer electronics such as a VCR, TV or computer
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Chroma key
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In
graphics and digital video editing programs, chroma key is a function
that renders a specific color in a layer transparent. In television and
film, it's the technique of using a monochromatic background for the
purpose of replacing it with a different image or scene in
post-production. In the film industry it's called blue screen.
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Cinepak
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Cinepak
is a video codec developed by SuperMatch, a division of SuperMac
Technologies , and released in 1992 as part of Apple Computer's
Quicktime video suite. It was designed to encode 320x240 resolution
video at 1x (150 kbyte/s) CD-ROM transfer rates. The codec was ported
to the Windows platform in 1993. It was also used on first-generation
CD-ROM game consoles, such as the Atari Jaguar CD , Sega CD , Sega
Saturn, and 3DO .
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Wikipedia
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CMYK
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Short
for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and blacK A color model used when working
with print-based images that describes colors as mixtures of cyan,
magenta, yellow, and black ink. CMYK is contrasted to the RGB (Red,
Green, Blue) color model, which is used when working with images
intended for electronic presentation, such as on computer monitors,
televisions, and LCD screens
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CODEC
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Co
mpressor and dec ompressor. An algorithm to reduce the size of audio or
video data General purpose multimedia file formats, such as AVI and
Quicktime rely on external codecs to do the compression and
decompression -- the algorithms are not part of the file format. This
means that if you compress a file with a given codec, the user viewing
the file must have the same codec installed to decompress it (and thus
see/hear it)
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Multimedia Glossary
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Color depth
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The
number of distinct colors that can be represented by a piece of
hardware or software. Color depth is sometimes referred to as bit depth
because it is directly related to the number of bits used for each
pixel. A 24-bit video adapter, for example, has a color depth of 2 to
the 24th power (about 16.7 million) colors. One would say that its
color depth is 24 bits.
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Webopedia
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component video
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Component
video is a video signal that has been split into two or more
components. In popular use, it refers to a type of analog video
information that is transmitted or stored as three separate signals.
Component video can be contrasted with composite video (such as NTSC or
PAL ) in which all the video information is combined into a single line
level signal. Increasingly, analog component video connections are
being superseded by digital component video connections based on the
DVI and HDMI standards.
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Wikipedia
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composite video
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Composite
video is the format of an analog television (picture only) signal
before it is combined with a sound signal and modulated onto an RF
carrier . It is usually in a standard format such as NTSC , PAL , or
SECAM . It is a composite of three source signals called Y, U and V
(together referred to as YUV ) with sync pulses. Y represents the
brightness or luminance of the picture and includes synchronizing
pulses, so that by itself it could be displayed as a monochrome
picture. U and V between them carry the colour information.
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Wikipedia
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compression
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(file)
- Process for reducing file size, often called "zipping" or
"archiving". The resulting, compressed file can be from a single, large
file or can contain several files that have been squeezed into a single
file. The many-to-one compression makes file group identification,
copying, and transporting faster and easier.
(video) - Process which reduces the number of bytes required to
store/transmit digital video . Typical schemes involve comparing frames
and coding-out, or eliminating, inter- frame and intra -frame
redundancies. The compression may be done by software, hardware or a
combination of the two. On playback, the data is decompressed.
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DAC
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In
electronics , a digital-to-analog converter (DAC or D-to-A ) is a
device for converting a digital (usually binary) code to an analog
signal ( current , voltage or electric charge ). Digital-to-analog
converters are interfaces between the abstract digital world and analog
real life. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) performs the reverse
operation. A DAC usually only deals with pulse-code modulation
(PCM)-encoded signals. The job of converting various compressed forms
of signals into PCM is left to codecs .
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Wikipedia
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Digital audio
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Refers
to the reproduction and transmission of sound stored in a digital
format. This includes CDs as well as any sound files stored on a
computer. In contrast, the telephone system (but not ISDN ) is based on
an analog representation of sound. In sound recording and reproduction
systems, digital audio refers to a digital representation of the audio
waveform for processing, storage or transmission. When analog sound
waves are stored in digital form, each digital audio file can be
decomposed into a series of samples.
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Webopedia
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Digital Video
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Refers
to the capturing, manipulation and storage of video in digital formats.
A digital video (DV) camcorder, for example, is a video camera that
captures and stores images on a digital medium such as a DAT.
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Digitization
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Process
of converting video or audio signals, normally in waveform, into 1's
and 0's. This digital format (actually patterns of on 's/high-voltage
(1's) and off 's/low voltage (0's) rather than digits) can be processed
by a computer. Analog-digital comparison
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Dithering
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Blending
colors to modify colors or produce new ones.Creating the illusion of
new colors and shades by varying the pattern of dots. Newspaper
photographs, for example, are dithered. If you look closely, you can
see that different shades of gray are produced by varying the patterns
of black and white dots. There are no gray dots at all. The more dither
patterns that a device or program supports, the more shades of gray it
can represent. In printing , dithering is usually called halftoning,
and shades of gray are called halftones.
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Dolby Digital
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A
standard for high-quality digital audio that is used for the sound
portion of video stored in digital format, especially videos stored on
DVD-ROMs. Dolby Digital delivers 6 channels in the 5.1 configuration:
left, right, and center screen channels, separate left and right
sounds, and a subwoofer channel. This is sometimes called surround
sound or 3D sound.
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Dolby Surround
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Dolby
Surround is the consumer version of the original Dolby multichannel
analog film sound format — Dolby analog and Dolby SR (Spectral
Recording). When a Dolby Surround soundtrack is produced, four channels
of audio information (Left, Center, Right and Mono) surround are
matrix-encoded onto two audio tracks.
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Multimedia Glossary
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Dot Pitch
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The
distance between the pixels on the monitor. The smaller the distance,
i.e. the denser the pixels, the clearer the picture resolution.
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Wikipedia
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DPI
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Short
for Dots Per Inch. DPI is a measure of image resolution.
DPI is a count of the number of pixels (in a displayed image or
scanner) or dots of ink (in a printed image or printer) per linear
inch. The horizontal (h) and vertical (v) DPI of an image or device can
be different. If you know an image's size and resolution, you can
determine the DPIs.:
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Wikipedia
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Dual layer
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Dual
layer refers to a DVD recording technology that provides users with
8.5GB of recording space (as opposed to 4.7GB of space) on a standard
DVD+R discs). The additional recording space is the direct result of
dual layer technology
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Web Solution
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DVD
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Digital
Video Disk or Digital Versatile Disk- An emerging medium for storing
large amounts of digital data, most notably movies encoded using MPEG-2
compression (a CODEC designed especially for use with DVDs). DVDs can
hold several gigabytes on a single disc. Most CDs by contrast can only
hold 600 megabytes each.
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Wikipedia
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Equalization
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Abbreviated
as EQ, in audio processing, equalization is the process of modifying
the frequency of a sound. Equalization is most commonly used to correct
signals that sound unnatural. For example, if a sound was recorded in a
room that accentuates high frequencies, an equalizer can reduce those
frequencies to a more normal level
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FLAC
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Short
for Free Lossless Audio Codec, a free codec developed by Xiph.org and
used to compress audio files. FLAC is similar to MP3 except that it is
lossless (the decoded audio is identical to what went into the encoder
and is verified with a 16-bit CRC).
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Fonts
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A
design for a set of characters. A font is the combination of typeface
and other qualities, such as size, pitch, and spacing. For example,
Times Roman is a typeface that defines the shape of each character.
Within Times Roman, however, there are many fonts to choose from --
different sizes, italic, bold, and so on. (The term font is often used
incorrectly as a synonym for typeface .) .
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Webopedia
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Fractal
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A
word coined by Benoit Mandelbrot in 1975 to describe shapes that are
"self-similar" -- that is, shapes that look the same at different
magnifications.
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Webopedia
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Frame rate
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A
way of specifying the speed of playback of a sequence of video, film or
animation. In motion pictures, television, and in computer video
displays, the frame rate is the number of frames or images that are
projected or displayed per second. Frame rates are used in
synchronizing audio and pictures, whether film, television, or video.
Frame rate is measured in frames per second (fps).
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Webopedia
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Frequency
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Frequency
is the number of times per second that a wave swings back and forth in
a cycle from its beginning point to its ending point. It is the number
of wave crests or cycles that passes a fixed point during a particular
period of time.
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Wikipedia
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Graphic
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Refers
to any computer device or program that makes a computer capable of
displaying and manipulating pictures. The term also refers to the
images themselves. For example, laser printers and plotters are
graphics devices because they permit the computer to output pictures. A
graphics monitor is a display monitor that can display pictures. A
graphics board (or graphics card) is a printed circuit board that, when
installed in a computer, permits the computer to display pictures.
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Webopedia
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Gray scalling
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The
use of many shades of gray to represent an image. Continuous-tone
images, such as black-and-white photographs, use an almost unlimited
number of shades of gray. Conventiona computer hardware and software,
however, can only represent a limited number of shades of gray
(typically 16 or 256). Gray-scaling is the process of converting a
continuous-tone image to an image that a computer can manipulate.
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Webopedia
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HyperCard
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A
hypertext programming environment for the Macintosh introduced by Apple
in 1987. The HyperCard model consists of cards, and collections of
cards, called stacks. You can connect the cards in various ways, and
leaf through them the way you would with a set of Rolodex cards. In
addition to data, each card can contain graphics and buttons that
trigger other events, such as sound or video.
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Hyperlink
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An
element in an electronic document that links to another place in the
same document or to an entirely different document. Typically, you
click on the hyperlink to follow the link. Hyperlinks are the most
essential ingredient of all hypertext systems, including the World Wide
Web.
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Webopedia
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Hypermedia
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Hypermedia takes hypertext to another level, and includes images, sounds, and video with links that can be selected and viewed.
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Webopedia
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Hypertext
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A
special type of database system, invented by Ted Nelson in the 1960s,
in which objects (text, pictures, music, programs, and so on) can be
creatively linked to each other. When you select an object, you can see
all the other objects that are linked to it. You can move from one
object to another even though they might have very different forms.
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Interpolation
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Interpolation
(sometimes called resampling) is an imaging method to increase (or
decrease) the number of pixels in a digital image. Some digital cameras
use interpolation to produce a larger image than the sensor captured or
to create digital zoom . Virtually all image editing software support
one or more methods of interpolation. How smoothly images are enlarged
without introducing jaggies depends on the sophistication of the
algorithm.
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Digital
Photography Review
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Jaggies
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Stairlike
lines that appear where there should be smooth straight lines or
curves. Jaggies can occur for a variety of reasons, the most common
being that the output device (display monitor or printer) does not have
enough resolution to portray a smooth line
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Webopedia
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Keyframe
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In video compression technology, another name for an I-frame.
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Webopedia
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Layout
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Layout
begins after the designs are completed and approved by the director.
The layout process is the same as the blocking out of shots by a
cinematographer on a live-action film. It is here that the background
layout artists determine the camera angles, camera paths, lighting, and
shading of the scene
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Multimedia Glossary
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Lossless Compression
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A reversible compression technique which permits the original values of the data (before compression) to be recovered exactly.
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Webopedia
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Lossy Compression
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Data
compression which cannot be exactly reversed, so that the decompression
operation restores only an approximation to the original data
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Webopedia
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Mapping
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Normal
mapping is usually found in two varieties: object-space and
tangent-space normal mapping. They differ in coordinate systems in
which the normals are measured and stored.
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Wikipedia
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MLP Lossless
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MLP
Lossless is a licensed trademark of Dolby Laboratories. It's the core
technology of Advanced Resolution multichannel and stereo DVD-Audio.
MLP Lossless enables producers to encode up to six channels of 96
kHz/24 bit audio, or two channels of 192 kHz/24 bit audio onto a
DVD-Audio disc, resulting in playback that's bit-for-bit identical to
the studio master. MLP Lossless has been accepted as the standard in
the high-definition DVD-Video (HD DVD) format.
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Modelling
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In
3D computer graphics , a 3D model is a mathematical representation of a
three-dimensional object. It can be displayed as a two-dimensional
image through a process called 3D rendering or used in a computer
simulation of physical phenomena.
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Wikipedia
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Mono
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Commonly
called mono sound, mono, or non-stereo sound , this early sound system
used a single channel of audio for sound output. In monophonic sound
systems, the signal sent to the sound system encodes one single stream
of sound and it usually uses just one speaker . Monophonic sound is the
most basic format of sound output.
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Webopedia
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Monophonic Sound
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Commonly
called mono sound, mono, or non-stereo sound, this early sound system
used a single channel of audio for sound output. In monophonic sound
systems, the signal sent to the sound system encodes one single stream
of sound and it usually uses just one speaker. Monophonic sound is the
most basic format of sound output
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Wikipedia
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Morphing
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Short
for metamorphosing , morphing refers to an animation technique in which
one image is gradually turned into another. Many advanced animation
programs support some type of morphing feature.
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Webopedia
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Motion vector
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In
video editing motion vectors are used to compress video by storing the
changes to an image from one frame to the next. The process is a
bi-dimensional pointer that communicates to the decoder how much left
or right and up or down, the prediction macroblock is located from the
position of the macroblock in the reference frame or field.
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MP3 Player
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A
portable consumer electronic device that allows you to store and plays
music files in MP3 format. MP3 players are small handheld devices and
often use flash memory for storing MP3 files. While frequently called
an MP3 player, it fits under the broader category of digital audio
players and often an MP3 players can use other file types such as
Windows Media Audio (WMA)
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Multimedia
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Multimedia
(Lat. Multum + Medium) is media that uses multiple forms of information
content and information processing.The use of computers to present
text, graphics, video, animation, and sound in an integrated way. Long
touted as the future revolution in computing, multimedia applications
were, until the mid-90s, uncommon due to the expensive hardware
required.
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Wikipedia
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NTSC
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(N
ational T V S tandards C ommittee) The committee that developed the
television standards for the U.S, which are also used in Canada, Japan,
South Korea and several Central and South American countries. Both the
committee and the standard are called "NTSC".
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Webopedia
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Nyquist Effect
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Knowing
the type of audio to be sampled and the intended purpose of the audio
allows for a reasonable choice of sampling rate. In deciding upon a
sampling rate one must be aware of the difference between playback rate
and capturing (sampling), rate. These two rates are not the same. In
fact the sampling rate must be two times the playback rate.
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Multimedia Glossary
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Onion Skinning
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Onion
skinning is a 2D computer graphics term for a technique used in
creating animated cartoons and editing movies to see several frames at
once. This way, the animator or editor can take decisions on how to
create or change an image based on the previous image in the sequence.
In traditional cartoon animation, the individual frames of a movie were
initially drawn on paper over a light source. The animators (mostly
inbetweeners ) would put the previous and next drawings exactly beneath
the working drawing, so that they could draw the 'inbetween' to give a
smooth motion
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Multimedia Glossary
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PAL
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PAL
, short for Phase Alternating Line , is a colour encoding system used
in broadcast television systems in large parts of the world. Other
common analogue television systems are SECAM and NTSC . PAL was
developed by Walter Bruch at Telefunken in Germany . The format was
first unveiled in 1963 , with the first broadcasts beginning in the
United Kingdom and Germany in 1967.
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Multimedia Glossary
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PICT
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PICT
is a file format that was developed by Apple Computer in 1984 as the
native format for Macintosh graphics. PICT files are encoded in
QuickDraw commands. The PICT format is a meta-format that can be used
for both bitmap images and vector images.
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PNG
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PNG
( Portable Network Graphics ) is a bitmap image format that employs
lossless data compression . PNG was created to improve and replace the
GIF format, as an image-file format not requiring a patent license. PNG
is pronounced " ping " ( /p??/ in IPA ), but can be spoken "P-N-G" to
avoid confusion with network tool ping . PNG is supported by the libpng
reference library (platform-independent), with C functions for handling
PNG images.
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Wikipedia
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PostScript
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Type
1 outline fonts (also known as Postscript, Postscript Type 1, PS1, T1
or Adobe PostcScript Type 3 or PS3, T3 or Adobe Type 3) were developed
by Adobe for professional digital typesetting.
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quadraphonic sound
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Quadraphonic
sound uses four channels to output sound; right front, left front,
right rear, and left rear. The goal of a quadraphonic sound system is
to reproduce sounds in both the front and back of the listener, which
simulates 360-degree sound. Quadraphonic sound became the more common
and popular choice in the late 1950s to early 1960s versus Four Channel
Discrete which was also available during that time
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Reflection mapping
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In
computer graphics , reflection mapping is an efficient method of
simulating a complex mirroring surface by means of a precomputed
texture image. The texture is used to store the image of the
environment surrounding the rendered object. There are several ways of
storing the surrounding environment; the most common ones are the
Standard Environment Mapping in which a single texture contains the
image of the surrounding as reflected on a mirror ball, or the Cubic
Environment Mapping in which the envirornment is unfolded onto the six
faces of a cube and stored therefore as six square textures.
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Rendering
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Rendering
is the process of generating an image from a model, by means of
computer programs. The model is a description of three dimensional
objects in a strictly defined language or data structure. It would
contain geometry, viewpoint, texture and lighting information. The
image is a digital image or raster graphics image . The term may be by
analogy with an "artist's rendering" of a scene. 'Rendering' is also
used to describe the process of calculating effects in a video editing
file to produce final video output.
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Wikipedia
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Resolution
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Refers
to the sharpness and clarity of an image. The term is most often used
to describe monitors , printers , and bit-mapped graphic images. In the
case of dot-matrix and laser printers , the resolution indicates the
number of dots per inch . For example, a 300-dpi (dots per inch)
printer is one that is capable of printing 300 distinct dots in a line
1 inch long. This means it can print 90,000 dots per square inch.
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Digital
Photography Review
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S Video
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Short
for S uper- Video , a technology for transmitting video signals over a
cable by dividing the video information into two separate signals: one
for color ( chrominance ), and the other for brightness ( luminance ).
When sent to a television, this produces sharper images than composite
video, where the video information is transmitted as a single signal
over one wire. This is because televisions are designed to display
separate Luminance (Y) and Chrominance (C) signals. (The terms Y/C
video and S-Video are the same.)
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Samples
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When
coverting video or audio waves to digital format, digitizing software
picks out points along the wave and records or "snapshots" these
points. These "snapshots" can then be replayed in much the same way
that motion pictures are recreated from the individual frames. The
higher the sampling rate, i.e. the more snapshots/points, per unit
time, the more accurate the computer's representation of the wave.
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Webopedia
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Sampling
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In signal processing, the recording of values at discrete intervals in time. Part of the process of digitization.
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Sampling rate
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A
Sampling rate must be chosen that will preserve at least the full range
of audible frequencies, if high-fidelity reproduction is desired. if
the limit of hearing is taken to be 20 kHz, a minimum rate of 40 kHz is
required by the Sampling Theorem.
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Webopedia
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Sans Serif
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Pronounced
SAN-SERR-if. A category of typefaces that do not use serifs, small
lines at the ends of characters. Popular sans serif fonts include
Helvetica, Avant Garde, Arial, and Geneva . Serif fonts include Times
Roman, Courier, New Century Schoolbook, and Palatino.
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Serif
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In
typography , serifs are non-structural details on the ends of some of
the strokes that make up letters and symbols. A font that has serifs is
called a serif font (or seriffed font ). A font without serifs is
called sans-serif , from the French sans ="without". Some typography
sources refer to sans serif typefaces as " grotesque " (in German
"grotesk") or " gothic ", and serif types as " roman ". These terms are
no longer commonly used however, except in specific font names.
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Multimedia Glossary
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Simulation
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A simulation is an imitation of some real thing, state of affairs, or
process. The act of simulating something generally entails representing
certain key characteristics or behaviors of a selected physical or
abstract system.
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Webopedia
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Sound card
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An
expansion board that enables a computer to manipulate and output
sounds. Sound cards are necessary for nearly all CD-ROMs and have
become commonplace on modern personal computers. Sound cards enable the
computer to output sound through speakers connected to the board, to
record sound input from a microphone connected to the computer, and
manipulate sound stored on a disk.
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Web
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Speaker
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An
electro-acoustic transducer that converts electrical signals into
sounds loud enough to be heard at a distance. Synonymous with
loudspeaker.
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Wikipedia
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Stereo
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Commonly
called stereo sound or just stereo , stereophonic sound divides sounds
across two channels (recorded on two separate sources) then the
recorded sounds are mixed so that some elements are channeled to the
left and others to the right. Stereophonic sound is generally
considered the best sound technology of the 1950 and early 1960's.
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Webopedia
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Stereophonic sound
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Commonly
called stereo sound or just stereo, stereophonic sound divides sounds
across two channels (recorded on two separate sources) then the
recorded sounds are mixed so that some elements are channeled to the
left and others to the right. Stereophonic sound is generally
considered the best sound technology of the 1950 and early 1960's
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still frame
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A
single captured frame within a video file. Video editing programs will
provide options for authors to grab a single image (still frame) from
within a video clip. These can be used like any still photo.
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Webopedia
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Storyboards
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Traditionally-animated
productions, just like other forms of animation, usually begin life as
a storyboard, which is a script of sorts written with images as well as
words, similar to a giant comic trip, The images allow the animation
team to plan the flow of the plot and the composition of the imagery.
The storyboard artists will have regular meetings with the director,
and may have to redraw or "re-board" a sequence many times before it
meets final approval.
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Wikipedia
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Streaming
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A
technique for transferring data such that it can be processed as a
steady and continuous stream. Streaming technologies are becoming
increasingly important with the growth of the Internet because most
users do not have fast enough access to download large multimedia files
quickly. With streaming, the client browser or plug-in can start
displaying the data before the entire file has been transmitted.
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Surround sound
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Surround
sound is a term used to describe a type of audio output in which the
sound appears to "surround the listener" by 360 degrees. Surround sound
systems use three or more channels and speakers in front and behind the
listener to create a surrounding envelope of sound and directional
audio sources.
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Webopedia
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Texture mapping
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Texture
mapping is a method, pioneered by Edwin Catmull , of adding detail,
surface texture , or colour to a computer-generated graphic or 3D model
. A texture map is applied (mapped) to the surface of a shape. This
process is akin to applying gift wrapping paper to a plain white box.
In the example at right, a texture map of the Earth's coloration is
applied to a sphere to create the illusion of color detail that would
take very many additional polygons to realise otherwise. This kind of
coloration is the most common application of texture mapping.
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Tweening
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Short
for in-betweening, the process of generating intermediate frames
between two images to give the appearance that the first image evolves
smoothly into the second image. Tweening is a key process in all types
of animation, including computer animation. Sophisticated animation
software enables you to identify specific objects in an image and
define how they should move and change during the tweening proces
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Wikipedia
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Typeface
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In
typography , a typeface is a coordinated set of glyphs designed with
stylistic unity. A typeface usually comprises an alphabet of letters,
numerals , and punctuation marks; it may also include ideograms and
symbols , or consist entirely of them, for example, mathematical or
map-making symbols.
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Webopedia
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Video
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Refers to recording, manipulating, and displaying moving images, especially in a format that can be presented on a television.
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virtual reality
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An
artificial environment created with computer hardware and software and
presented to the user in such a way that it appears and feels like a
real environment. To "enter" a virtual reality, a user dons special
gloves, earphones, and goggles, all of which receive their input from
the computer system
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Digital
Photography Review
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waveform
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A
commonly used term in the telecommunications industry. Waveform is a
graphical representation of a signal as a plot of amplitude versus
time, i.e., the shape of a wave
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